The efficacy of a Persian herbal formulation on functional bloating: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

BackgroundBloating is a common gastrointestinal complaint which is difficult to treat.ObjectiveThis study investigated the efficacy and compliance of a formulation called KAASER comprised of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague seed, Zingiber officinale Roscoe. rhizome and Piper nigrum L. berry in the treatment of functional bloating.Design, setting, participants and interventionA total of 106 patients with functional bloating, between 20 and 50 years of age, participated in this double-blind randomized controlled trial. Patients were divided into 3 parallel groups that received 500 mg of placebo, dimethicone or KAASER, three times a day for 2 weeks.Main outcome measuresThe frequency and severity of bloating were primary outcomes, while the frequencies of eructation, defecation, borborygmus and early satiation were secondary outcomes. All parameters were evaluated at the beginning (week 0), and also weeks 2, 4 and 10 of the study, through self-report checklists with a scoring system.ResultsAmong the 84 patients who completed the study, the frequency and severity of bloating (P < 0.001), the frequencies of eructation, defecation and borborygmus (P = 0.03) were significantly improved in the group receiving KAASER (36 patients) compared with the dimethicone (35 patients) and placebo (35 patients) groups, during the 3 phases of follow-up. These significant differences persisted through the 2 and 8 weeks of follow-ups after cessation of medication (week 4 and 10). In early satiation, no significant differences were observed among the 3 groups.ConclusionThe results showed that KAASER can be effectively used to treat patients suffering from bloating. Bloating, eructation, defecation and borborygmus in the KAASER group remained significantly improved after 2 and 8 weeks of cessation of medication, making this mechanism an interesting area for further investigation.Trial registrationRegistration trial IRCT2015100324327N on Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.     

段迎喜“升脾”学术思想探微

脾胃之气的充足和清气的正常升发对人体生命活动具有决定意义,饮食、劳倦、情志、外感对脾胃的损伤往往影响中焦脾胃清阳的生成及升发,脾胃病以本虚为主,多由虚致实,虚实兼有,病机关键为升降失常,脾气不升。肝对人体气机具有升宣调畅作用,脾气的升清有赖于肝气升发促进。在补中益气的同时,要补肝益气。同时,肾精气充盈,元气方能充沛,肾阳又主气化,肾精不封、肾气不固者必致肾气下陷。治疗须温肾壮阳、升阳举陷。脾胃中气不足,气机郁滞而化火,并脾之清气下流而生泄泻,相火乘其土位更加耗伤中焦清阳之气。段老师特别注重脾气生长、升发,只有清阳升发,脾气上升,元气才能充沛,阴火才会收敛潜藏。治疗时运用辛甘之药以补益中气,借升阳风药以助肝胆之用,补其中而升其阳,升浮变通,使生长之气健旺。段老师善于运用甘温之品,温补中气,升发清阳。     

基于现代文献的放血疗法疾病谱研究

目的归纳放血疗法近10年的临床研究文献,总结放血疗法疾病谱。方法计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WANFANG DATA)、PubMed、Cochrane library中有关放血疗法的临床研究文献,各数据库检索时间从2009年1月1日起至2019年2月28日。经阅读筛选后记录每篇文献的病症名,统计各病种文献量,并对各病症系统进行分类总结。结果共纳入文献4288篇,涉及疾病349种,分布于17个系统,其中文献最多的前10种疾病依次是带状疱疹(394)、痤疮(321)、脑血管病(包括出血性、缺血性及其并发症和后遗症,247)、周围性面瘫(218)、痛风性关节炎(183)、带状疱疹后遗神经痛(164)、颈椎病(162)、腰椎间盘突出症(161)、膝骨性关节炎(136)、偏头痛(121)。这些疾病的文献量均≥100,共计2107篇,约占文献总数的49.14%。结论放血疗法的适应症广泛,但优势病种相对集中,主要为神经系统疾病。     

Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances,immune-related outcomes,and lung function in children from a Spanish birth cohort study

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with impaired immune and respiratory health during childhood but the evidence is inconsistent and limited for lung function. We studied the association between prenatal PFASs exposure and immune and respiratory health, including lung function, up to age 7 years in the Spanish INMA birth cohort study.MethodsWe assessed four PFASs in maternal plasma samples collected during the 1st trimester of pregnancy (years: 2003–2008): perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). Mothers reported the occurrence (yes/no) of lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months at 1.5 and 4 years of the child (n = 1188) and at 7 years (n = 1071). At ages 4 (n = 503) and 7 (n = 992) years lung function was assessed using spirometry tests.ResultsThe most abundant PFASs were PFOS and PFOA (geometric means: 5.80 and 2.31 ng/mL, respectively). The relative risk of asthma during childhood per each doubling in PFNA concentration was 0.74 (95 CI%: 0.57, 0.96). The relative risk of eczema during childhood per every doubling in PFOS concentration was 0.86 (95 CI%: 0.75, 0.98). Higher PFOA concentrations were associated with lower forced vital capacity and lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s z-scores at 4 years [β (95 CI %): −0.17 (−0.34, −0.01) and −0.13 (−0.29, 0.03), respectively], but not at 7 years.ConclusionThis longitudinal study suggests that different PFASs may affect the developing immune and respiratory systems differently. Prenatal exposure to PFNA and PFOS may be associated with reduced risk of respiratory and immune outcomes, particularly asthma and eczema whereas exposure to PFOA may be associated with reduced lung function in young children. These mixed results need to be replicated in follow-up studies at later ages.     

肠道菌群与中药及其有效组分相互作用治疗消化系统疾病的研究进展＊

肠道菌群作为药物代谢的重要媒介，被认为是人体的又一器官，其在消化系统疾病发生、发展中所起到的重要价值已经得到学术界的公认，近五年来，从肠道菌群的角度出发，人们对中药及其有效组分治疗消化系统疾病的作用机制研究取得了一定成就，本研究将对这些成果进行归纳、总结。     

Vaccines.gov – Your Best Shot at Health

The National Vaccine Program Office (NVPO) manages <www.vaccines.gov> and is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Vaccines.gov offers reliable information from the federal government on vaccines, immunizations, and vaccine-preventable diseases. The web site works with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and many other government agencies to ensure all information on the web site is accurate and relevant. The web site encourages readers to share the information on the site with friends, family, and patients to promote health literacy on vaccines.     

Characteristics and risk factors of bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review of phase III trials

Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a common toxicity associated with the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), typically requiring dose reduction, delay, or cessation of treatment protocol. This systematic review aimed to investigate risk factors, trends, and variability associated with the development of BIPN. Searches were undertaken using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified by investigating authors' bibliographic references cited by original and review articles. Articles that reported on neuropathy in phase III randomised control trials involving bortezomib in any treatment arm for the treatment of MM were included in this review. A total of 43 full text articles met criteria, which examined 23 phase III trials (N = 8218). Overall incidence of neuropathy ranged from 8.4% to 80.5% (median = 37.8%) and severe neuropathy (grade 3-4) ranged from 1% to 33.2% (median = 8%). Similar reports of neuropathy of any grade and severe neuropathy were observed between the newly diagnosed and relapsed cohort. Bortezomib regimens with reduced dose intensity were associated with reduced neuropathy incidence. Increased cumulative dosing levels, intravenous compared with subcutaneous administration and combination therapy with thalidomide were associated with higher rates of BIPN. This analysis revealed that BIPN is a significant toxicity. More sensitive measures are required to capture the incidence and severity of BIPN. Better understanding of risk factors and reversibility profiles will minimise the number of cancer survivors living with residual treatment side effects.     

经典名方地黄饮子的古代文献考究

经典名方地黄饮子现代临床应用广泛,治疗多科疾病,尤其是内科病中的神经系统疾病较多,临床疗效确切,但目前尚未转化成中成药制剂。故笔者采用文献计量学的方法,搜集记载地黄饮子的中医古籍文献,筛选、整理出有效数据254条,涉及中医古籍144部,系统梳理和分析研究了地黄饮子的历史发展源流、主治病证、制方原理、用药剂量、制剂方法、煎服方法等,以期为经典名方的研发和临床应用提供古代文献证据支持。研究发现,地黄饮子出自金代医家刘河间所著《宣明论方》,由熟地黄、巴戟天、山茱萸、肉苁蓉、石斛、附子、五味子、官桂、白茯苓、麦门冬、藏菖蒲、远志12味药物组成,主治喑痱。后世记载的地黄饮子多遵从《宣明论方》中的方剂组成和主治,且临床应用有所扩展,在有主治病证记载的199条文献中,喑痱最多,约占总病证的一半;其次为中风,约占五分之二;亦用于暴喑、痿证、眩晕、遗尿等病证。地黄饮子治疗病证范围较广,但病机总属"肾中水火俱亏"。其制方独特,上下并治,标本兼顾,尤以治下治本为主。在有药物用量记载的56条文献中,约有三分之一继承了《宣明论方》的记载:"等分,上为末,每服3钱。"药物用量总体偏轻。制剂多为汤剂、煮散,在煎服方法上主张"浊药轻投""数滚即服""不计时候"。     

圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗对牙周病患者牙龈指数、龈乳头探诊出血指数、牙周探诊深度的影响

目的 探讨圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗对牙周病患者牙龈指数、龈乳头探诊出血指数、牙周探诊深度的影响。方法 选取2017年3月～2019年3月我院收治的牙周病患者60例,随机分为对照组和研究组两组。对照组进行常规治疗,研究组进行圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复治疗。比较两组患者疗效、牙齿松动度(TM)、牙龈指数(GI)、龈乳头探诊出血指数(PBI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、改良菌斑指数(mPLI)、改良龈沟出血指数(MSBI)、牙龈乳头指数(PIS)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平、口腔健康影响程度评分(OHIP-14)、咀嚼功能、满意率。结果 研究组有效率高于对照组(P0.05);研究组TM、GI、PBI、PD低于对照组(P0.05);研究组mPLI、MSBI、PIS低于对照组(P0.05);研究组IL-8、IL-2水平低于对照组(P0.05);研究组OHIP-14评分低于对照组(P0.05);研究组咀嚼功能高于对照组(P0.05);研究组修复满意率高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 牙周病治疗中,圆锥型套筒冠修复体修复疗效显著,应在临床上广泛推广与应用。     

刘晓鹰教授“扶中”外治法治疗儿科疾病临床经验浅析

小儿"脾常不足",脾胃之体成而未全,脾胃之气全而未壮,脾胃不足在儿科疾病发生发展、病机转归中占有相当重要的地位。刘晓鹰教授在继承全国名老中医倪珠英学术思想基础上,提出"扶中"外治法,立法取穴方面强调时时顾护小儿中焦脾胃,采用小儿推拿、扶阳罐(含温推、温灸和温刮痧)、针刺(含腹针、揿针)等外治手段治疗儿科脾、肺、肾等系列疾病,取得满意疗效。